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Rhetoric
Within Pattern Analysis, rhetoric is the persuasive portion of a literary unit based on its structure. Certain locations within each literary unit are potentially persuasive–they are presented below for the sake of analysis. Normally, many of the potential locations can be persuasive, but often not all. The student is encouraged to listen to what the Holy Spirit seems to be emphasizing.
Like the imperfect chiastic structures, imperfect parallel symmetries can also have a high impact upon a reader. When an element has been inserted, omitted, transposed to another location, or substantially varied, that then is an imperfect parallel symmetry. This makes the structure look less than totally symmetric. An additional emphasis should be found in an imperfect parallel symmetry at the place of asymmetry.
In a parallel symmetry, these are the two A elements, A-B-C-A'-B'-C'. Sometimes these are a place of emphasis.
Also known as conjugate pairs. It is any two elements that are paired with each other. In some cases, the pair may be emphatic even though they are not in a position of emphasis such as first/first or first/last. For example, in a chiastic A-B-C-X-C'-B'-A' structure, the two B elements might add considerable conviction to the reader or listener.
Some questions seem designed to ask the reader to pause and reflect on his or her own answer. In those cases, the text is intended to slow the reader down and cause them to read the context, listen to what the Spirit is nudging them, gain a fresh understanding, and then respond. Questions are many times emphatic, but it is a mistake to say that most questions are emphatic. Whether any one question is emphatic or not can be subjective.
In a parallel symmetry, this is oftentimes a place of emphasis. For example, in an A-B-C-D-A'-B'-C'-D' structure, the two D elements are in the last/last position.
An element was intentionally removed from one of the two parts: e.g. A-B-C-D-D'-B'-A' where the C' is not provided. The absence only applies to imperfect chiastic and imperfect parallel symmetry structures. The absence emphasizes something is intentionally missing.
A summarization that concludes a basic structure which is designated with the letters SUM. For example, A-B-C-A'-B'-C'-SUM. A closing summary is also known as a concluding epitome, final unit, and an epilogue. It serves two functions: to summarize and to motivate. It is always emphatic and should be easily detected.
This IMPERFECT PARALLEL SYMMETRY is an call to trust God in providing His strength to overcome man′s wickedness.
1) The FIRST/FIRST are two nearly identical A elements. More than just a mere repetition of words, they point to an echo of God′s spoken word: wait silently. To David, he is attesting to his God, his rock, and the Lord′s help in perfect timing. The ABSENCE of the A′′ element seems to model the silent wait that is described in A and A′. The lack of scripture text represents that patient wait for the Lord.
2) The three B CORRESPONDING ELEMENTS present a CONTRAST between David′s reliance on God in B′ and most men′s reliance on their own means of their provision (B and B′′): defeat of others, lies, anger, etc.
3) Similarly for the LAST/LAST elements, there is a CONTRAST between David′s trust/hope in God in C′ and those things from his enemy in C and C′′ that are untrustworthy wicked ways.
4) The CLOSING SUMMARY attests to the Lord′s power and lovingkindness. He will judge us for what we have done, our works. Verse 12 is cited in Matthew 16:27. The Son of Man ″Will then repay every man according to his deeds.″ Show More Rhetoric Show Less Rhetoric
PARALLEL SYMMETRY (IMPERFECT):
... trust in God, not man, and wait silently for Him ...
a title
BEGINNING MARKER: For the choir director; according to Jeduthun. A Psalm of David. (v1A)
wait silently for God to answer
A
My soul waits in silence for God only; from Him is my salvation. He only is my rock and my salvation, my stronghold; I shall not be greatly shaken. (v1B,2)
... those who pursue power ...
QUESTION: you pursue power
B
How long will you assail a man, that you may murder him, all of you, like a leaning wall, like a tottering fence? (v3)
they cannot be trusted: pride, falsehood and curse
C
They have counseled only to thrust him down from his high position; they delight in falsehood; they bless with their mouth, but inwardly they curse. (v4A)
a poetic marker
SUB-UNIT MARKER: Selah. (v4B)
wait silently for God to answer
A′
My soul, wait in silence for God only, for my hope is from Him. He only is my rock and my salvation, my stronghold; I shall not be shaken. (v5,6)
... those who trust in God ...
I pursue reliance on God
B′
On God my salvation and my glory rest; the rock of my strength, my refuge is in God. (v7)
God is trustworthy: a refuge
C′
Trust in Him at all times, O people; pour out your heart before Him; God is a refuge for us. (v8A)
a poetic marker
SUB-UNIT MARKER: Selah. (v8B)
ABSENCE: silently waiting for God
A′′
... those who pursue wealth ...
low men pursue wealth and lies
B′′
Men of low degree are only vanity and men of rank are a lie; in the balances they go up; they are together lighter than breath. (v9)
do not trust in that wickedness
C′′
Do not trust in oppression and do not vainly hope in robbery; if riches increase, do not set your heart upon them. (v10)
CLOSING SUMMARY: the Lord will repay us for our works
SUM
Once God has spoken; Twice I have heard this: that power belongs to God; And lovingkindness is Yours, O Lord, for You recompense a man according to his work. (v11,12)