Pattern Analysis for Judges 2:16-23

Pattern Analysis Methodology

The LORD Raised Up Judges but the People Would Not Listen

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Rhetoric

Potential Rhetoric

Within Pattern Analysis, rhetoric is the persuasive portion of a literary unit based on its structure. Certain locations within each literary unit are potentially persuasive–they are presented below for the sake of analysis. Normally, many of the potential locations can be persuasive, but often not all. The student is encouraged to listen to what the Holy Spirit seems to be emphasizing.

Parallel Symmetry

A step-like symmetry such as A-B-C-A'-B'-C' or A-B-C-X-A'-B'-C' structure where the themes are repeated in the same direction. A continuing structure is also possible such as A-B-C-A'-B'-C'-A''-B''-C'' (consider the ten plagues of Moses). Other names for this device are extended alternation, forward symmetry, panel construction, step parallelism, and in certain contexts simply named "parallelism." The most common locations for emphasis are in the last/last position and the X center point. Lesser common locations are the first/first position and the various corresponding elements.

First/First A, A' (v16; 18)

In a parallel symmetry, these are the two A elements, A-B-C-A'-B'-C'. Sometimes these are a place of emphasis.

Corresponding Elements B, B' (v17A; 19A)

Also known as conjugate pairs. It is any two elements that are paired with each other. In some cases, the pair may be emphatic even though they are not in a position of emphasis such as first/first or first/last. For example, in a chiastic A-B-C-X-C'-B'-A' structure, the two B elements might add considerable conviction to the reader or listener.

Last/Last C, C' (v17B; 19B)

In a parallel symmetry, this is oftentimes a place of emphasis. For example, in an A-B-C-D-A'-B'-C'-D' structure, the two D elements are in the last/last position.

Closing Summary SUM (v20A-23B)

A summarization that concludes a basic structure which is designated with the letters SUM. For example, A-B-C-A'-B'-C'-SUM. A closing summary is also known as a concluding epitome, final unit, and an epilogue. It serves two functions: to summarize and to motivate. It is always emphatic and should be easily detected.

First/First a, a' (v20B; 22)

In a parallel symmetry, these are the two A elements, A-B-C-A'-B'-C'. Sometimes these are a place of emphasis.

Last/Last c, c' (v21B; 23B)

In a parallel symmetry, this is oftentimes a place of emphasis. For example, in an A-B-C-D-A'-B'-C'-D' structure, the two D elements are in the last/last position.


This PARALLEL SYMMETRY is an excellent example of the simplicity of some literary devices. The emphasis is also straight forward:

1) The two B CORRESPONDING ELEMENTS and the two LAST/LAST elements, C and C′, point to the extent of their wanderings. The did not listen and they did not obey. That is in CONTRAST to the two FIRST/FIRST elements where the Lord brought good judges who allowed the Lord to be their judge.

2) There is an INTENSIFICATION as the brief story is stated and then repeated. The judges were raised up in the A elements but in the C elements the disobedience was most evident.

3) The parallel symmetry substructure in verses 20 to 23 is part of the CLOSING SUMMARY. It focuses on the anger of the Lord due to their repeated disobedience. The FIRST/FIRST elements, a and a′ which are verses 20A and 22, describe the reasons for the Lord′s anger.
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Structured Themes

PARALLEL SYMMETRY:

... the Lord raised up judges but the people would not listen or obey ...

a change of scene

BEGINNING MARKER:   

... men as judges ...

the Lord brought good judges

Then the Lord raised up judges who delivered them from the hands of those who plundered them.  (v16)

did not listen

Yet they did not listen to their judges, for they played the harlot after other gods and bowed themselves down to them.  (v17A)

did not obey

They turned aside quickly from the way in which their fathers had walked in obeying the commandments of the Lord; they did not do as their fathers.  (v17B)

... the Lord as the judge ...

the Lord was the judge

A′ 

When the Lord raised up judges for them, the Lord was with the judge and delivered them from the hand of their enemies all the days of the judge; for the Lord was moved to pity by their groaning because of those who oppressed and afflicted them.  (v18)

followed other gods

B′ 

But it came about when the judge died, that they would turn back and act more corruptly than their fathers, in following other gods to serve them and bow down to them;  (v19A)

continued to disobey

C′ 

they did not abandon their practices or their stubborn ways.  (v19B)

CLOSING SUMMARY:

SUM 

PARALLEL SYMMETRY SUBSTRUCTURE: ... the Lord′s anger burned ... Show Hide

demarks a divine oracle

sub-unit marker:  So the anger of the Lord burned against Israel, and He said,  (v20A) 

the nation′s sin

“Because this nation has transgressed My covenant which I commanded their fathers and has not listened to My voice,  (v20B)

no longer drive those nations out

I also will no longer drive out before them any of the nations  (v21A)

Joshua left these nations

which Joshua left when he died,  (v21B)

the Lord′s testing

a′ 

in order to test Israel by them, whether they will keep the way of the Lord to walk in it as their fathers did, or not.”  (v22)

allowed those nations to stay

b′ 

So the Lord allowed those nations to remain, not driving them out quickly;  (v23A)

Joshua had not taken these nations

c′ 

and He did not give them into the hand of Joshua.  (v23B)